Neanderthal Fat Factories: A Glimpse into Ancient Survival Strategies
A groundbreaking study published in the journal Science Advances reveals that Neanderthals, our ancient relatives, operated sophisticated “fat factories” as far back as 125,000 years ago. This research, conducted by a team from Leiden University, sheds new light on the survival strategies of Neanderthals and their understanding of resource management during an interglacial period that resembled today’s climate.
The Neumark-Nord archaeological site near Leipzig, Germany, has been a focal point of research for decades. Archaeologists have uncovered evidence that Neanderthals intentionally chose a lakeside location to establish their fat factories. This strategic choice allowed them to process the bones of at least 172 mammals, including deer, horses, and aurochs—an extinct species of bovine. The inhabitants of this settlement employed advanced techniques for extracting bone marrow, which involved breaking open large bones and grinding them into fragments. They even heated these fragments in water to yield calorie-rich bone grease.