The Genetic Connection: Unpacking the DNA Similarity Between Humans and Chimps
The assertion that humans and chimpanzees share nearly 99% of their DNA has permeated popular science narratives for years. This figure, often quoted as 98.8%, suggests a striking genetic similarity between our species and our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos. However, a closer examination reveals a more complex picture of our genetic relationship.
At the core of this discussion is the structure of DNA itself, composed of four nucleotides: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Both human and chimp genomes consist of approximately 3 billion of these nucleotides, forming a long, intricate sequence. When scientists compare the DNA of these two species, they look for overlapping segments where the nucleotide sequences align. This process can be likened to comparing two versions of a lengthy novel, where some passages are nearly identical while others differ slightly.