Science

While we often take the ground beneath our feet for granted, it holds secrets that tell the story of our planet’s history. Recent research has unveiled a fascinating possibility: Earth’s inner core may contain an even deeper layer, challenging long-held beliefs about the structure of our planet.

Traditionally, we have understood Earth to consist of four primary layers: the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. However, Australian National University geophysicist Joanne Stephenson and her team have presented compelling evidence that suggests a more complex reality. In findings published in the Journal of Geophysical Research, they propose the existence of two distinct layers within the inner core, a revelation that could prompt a significant revision of geological textbooks.

While many of us are familiar with the dramatic displays of thunder and lightning during storms, a hidden spectacle occurs high above our heads, often unnoticed. These stunning phenomena, known as transient luminous events (TLEs), occur in the upper atmosphere, up to 55 miles above the Earth’s surface. They manifest as brilliant blue jets, red sprites, violet halos, and ultraviolet rings, creating an electric display that can be seen from the International Space Station (ISS).

In a groundbreaking twist in astronomical research, the most distant star ever discovered, known as Earendel, may not be a single star after all. New findings suggest that this celestial object, which was initially identified by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2022, could actually be a star cluster—a gravitationally bound group of stars formed from the same gas and dust cloud. This revelation shines a new light on our understanding of the universe’s early years.

In a surprising revelation, scientists have uncovered the aftermath of a significant flood that occurred in Greenland over a decade ago. This unprecedented event, which took place in 2014, saw more than 24 billion gallons of water escape from beneath a 300-foot-thick ice sheet, challenging long-held assumptions about how meltwater interacts with ice. The findings, published in July 2025 in the journal Nature Geoscience, have left researchers grappling with new questions about the dynamics of Greenland’s ice cover and the implications for global climate change.

In an exciting development for the field of astronomy, scientists have uncovered compelling evidence of a giant gas planet residing in the Alpha Centauri star system, the closest known star system to our own. Located just four-and-a-half light years away, this newly detected planet could potentially host moons that might sustain life, making it a fascinating subject for further study.

The discovery was made using the advanced capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope, which has been instrumental in observing the distant cosmos. Initially detected last year, the planet’s presence became uncertain during subsequent observations, prompting astronomers to renew their efforts to confirm its existence.

In a curious twist of cosmic events, Earth has been experiencing random speedups in its rotation, leaving scientists scratching their heads in bewilderment. These anomalies have been observed multiple times over the past few years, and while they have not noticeably affected daily life, they have certainly captured the attention of the scientific community. The next anticipated acceleration is set for August 5, 2025, when Earth is expected to shorten the day by between 1.25 and 1.51 milliseconds.

In recent years, the integrity of scientific research has come under increasing scrutiny, and a new study from Northwestern University highlights a disturbing trend: organized scientific fraud is on the rise. This extensive investigation, combining large-scale data analysis with case studies, reveals that the issue is far more complex than the isolated incidents of misconduct often reported in the media. Instead, it uncovers sophisticated networks of individuals and organizations that collaborate to undermine the credibility of academic publishing.

In a groundbreaking discovery that challenges our cinematic perceptions of dinosaurs, a team of researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences has unveiled a new species of dinosaur, Pulaosaurus qinglong, which likely communicated in chirps rather than the roars we often associate with these ancient creatures. This remarkable finding comes from a well-preserved fossil discovered in northeastern China, providing a rare glimpse into the vocalization capabilities of dinosaurs.

Pulaosaurus qinglong, a two-legged herbivore measuring approximately 72 centimeters (2.4 feet) in length, is named after Pulao, a mythical dragon from Chinese folklore known for its loud cries. This connection is fitting, as the fossilized remains include not only most of the skeleton but also parts of the larynx, an area typically lost to fossilization. The presence of these structures offers a unique opportunity to speculate on the sounds this dinosaur might have produced.

In an exciting development for the field of exoplanet research, an international team of astronomers has announced the discovery of a new exoplanet named TOI-2431 b, which orbits a star located just 117 light-years away. The findings, published on July 11, 2025, on the pre-print server arXiv, highlight the capabilities of NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in identifying potential new worlds beyond our solar system.

TESS, launched in April 2018, has been instrumental in monitoring approximately 200,000 bright stars in our cosmic neighborhood. The satellite detects exoplanets by observing temporary dips in brightness that occur when a planet transits in front of its host star. To date, TESS has identified over 7,600 candidate exoplanets, with 638 of these confirmed, and TOI-2431 b adds to this growing list.

In a groundbreaking archaeological discovery, researchers have unearthed a sperm whale tooth at the Valencina de la Concepción-Castilleja de Guzmán site, located in the southwest of Seville, Spain. This remarkable find, dating back to the 3rd millennium BCE, is the first of its kind ever discovered on the Iberian Peninsula, shedding new light on the intricate relationship between ancient communities and the marine world. The tooth was found during an excavation in 2018, which was part of a project to build a new municipal library on a section of the Copper Age mega-site known as Nueva Biblioteca.